Isolation Transformers

An isolation transformer is a stationary device designed to separate primary and secondary windings, ensuring physical and electrical isolation between circuits. It transfers electrical energy through magnetic induction, using a magnetic field to induce an electromotive force (EMF) in a secondary circuit while maintaining the original frequency. In transmission and distribution systems, isolation transformers are employed to adjust voltage levels by stepping up or down, ensuring that voltage and current capacities match between the coils. A crucial role of these transformers is to mitigate voltage spikes in supply lines, which could otherwise disrupt service or damage equipment if they reach the load. When placed between power supply lines, an isolation transformer helps diminish voltage spikes before they impact the load. Additionally, it prevents grounding issues on the secondary side, thereby reducing ground loop interference and minimizing noise effects in the load equipment.